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Uzbekistan Flag, Currency, Population, Tourist Places

 

Uzbekistan Flag, Currency, Population, Tourist Places

 

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Uzbekistan Flag, Currency, Population, Tourist Places

 

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Uzbekistan Flag, Currency, Population, Tourist Places

 

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Uzbekistan Flag, Currency, Population, Tourist Places

 

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United Arab Emirates

 

The United Arab Emirates: A Fascinating Destination for Travelers

 

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country in the Middle East that consists of seven emirates:

Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, and Fujairah.

The UAE is known for its rich culture, modern architecture, diverse landscapes, and many attractions that appeal to travelers from all over the world.

In this article, we will explore some of the tourist places in the UAE, as well as some interesting facts about the country’s history, population, economy, and more.

 

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History of the UAE

The UAE has a long and complex history that dates back to ancient times.

The region was inhabited by various groups of people, such as the Magan, the Umm Al Nar, the Dilmun, and the Sumerians.

The area was also influenced by different civilizations, such as the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Sassanids, the Parthians, and the Arabs.

The UAE was part of the Islamic Caliphate from the 7th century until the 16th century, when it came under the control of the Portuguese, the Ottomans, and the British.

The UAE gained its independence from the British in 1971, after a series of negotiations and agreements.

The UAE then formed a federation of seven emirates, each with its own ruler and government.

The UAE has since developed into a modern and prosperous nation, with a strong regional and international presence.

 

Capital of the UAE

The capital of the UAE is Abu Dhabi, which is also the largest and most populous emirate.

Abu Dhabi is located on a T-shaped island in the Persian Gulf, and covers an area of about 67,340 square kilometers.

Abu Dhabi is the political, economic, and cultural center of the UAE, and hosts many government institutions, diplomatic missions, and international organizations.

Abu Dhabi is also a major tourist destination, as it offers many attractions,

such as the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, the Louvre Abu Dhabi, the Emirates Palace, the Yas Island, and the Ferrari World.

 

Population of United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates has a population of about 9.5 million people.

 

UAE Flag Meaning

The UAE flag was adopted on December 2, 1971, the same day the country declared its independence from the British.

The flag consists of four colors: red, green, white, and black.

The flag has a vertical red stripe on the hoist side, and three horizontal stripes of green, white, and black on the fly side.

The flag has a symbolic and historical meaning, as each color represents a different aspect of the UAE’s identity and values.

The red color represents the sacrifices and courage of the people who fought for the country’s freedom and unity.

The green color represents the prosperity and fertility of the land and the Islamic faith.

The white color represents the peace and purity of the nation and its people.

The black color represents the strength and dignity of the country and its rulers.

 

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UAE Continent

The UAE is located in the continent of Asia, specifically in the region of Western Asia or the Middle East.

The UAE is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and west, Oman to the east and southeast, and the Persian Gulf to the north.

The UAE has a coastline of about 1,318 kilometers, and a total land area of about 83,600 square kilometers.

The UAE has a strategic location, as it lies near the Strait of Hormuz, a vital waterway for the global oil trade.

The UAE also has a diverse geography, as it features mountains, deserts, oases, islands, and beaches.

 

UAE Economy

The UAE has a highly developed and diversified economy, that ranks as the 29th largest in the world, according to the International Monetary Fund.

The UAE has a nominal GDP of about $421.1 billion, and a per capita GDP of about $43,103.

The UAE has a market-based economy, that is driven by the sectors of oil and gas, trade, tourism, finance, construction, and manufacturing.

The UAE is one of the world’s largest oil producers and exporters,

as it has proven oil reserves of about 97.8 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves of about 215 trillion cubic feet.

The UAE is also a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

The UAE has a strong trade and investment relationship with many countries, especially with China, India, the United States, Japan, and the European Union.

The UAE is also a major tourist destination, as it attracts about 21.3 million visitors annually, who spend about $27.9 billion.

The UAE is also a global financial hub, as it hosts many banks, corporations, and stock exchanges,

such as the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange, the Dubai Financial Market, and the Nasdaq Dubai.

 

UAE Currency

The currency of the UAE is the United Arab Emirates dirham, which is abbreviated as AED.

The dirham is divided into 100 fils, and exchange rate at of 20 November 2023 with the US dollar, at 1 USD = 3.67 AED.

The dirham was introduced in 1973, replacing the Qatar and Dubai riyal, and the Bahraini dinar.

The dirham is issued by the Central Bank of the UAE, and features the portrait of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan,

the founding father of the UAE, on the obverse, and various landmarks and symbols of the UAE on the reverse.

The dirham is available in banknotes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 AED, and coins of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 fils, and 1 AED.

 

UAE Country Code

The country code of the UAE is +971, which is used to make international phone calls to the UAE from other countries.

The country code is followed by an area code that indicates the emirate or city of the UAE, such as 2 for Abu Dhabi, 4 for Dubai, 6 for Sharjah, and so on.

The area code is then followed by a seven-digit local number, such as +971 4 123 4567.

The UAE also has a two-digit mobile code that indicates the mobile network operator, such as 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, and 58.

The mobile code is followed by a seven-digit mobile number, such as +971 50 123 4567.

 

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UAE Pronunciation

The pronunciation of the UAE is [juːˌnaɪtɪd ˌærəb ˈɛmɪrɪts], which can be written in phonetic symbols as follows:

[juː] is pronounced as the sound of the letter U in the word “use”.

[ˌnaɪtɪd] is pronounced as the word “night” with a D sound at the end.

[ˌærəb] is pronounced as the word “air” with a B sound at the end.

[ˈɛmɪrɪts] is pronounced as the word “emir” with an S sound at the end.

The UAE is also commonly referred to as the Emirates, which is pronounced as [ɪˈmɪrɪts], which can be written in phonetic symbols as follows:

[ɪ] is pronounced as the sound of the letter I in the word “it”.

[ˈmɪr] is pronounced as the word “mir” with a stress on the first syllable.

[ɪts] is pronounced as the sound of the letter I in the word “it” with an S sound at the end.

 

UAE Abbreviation

The abbreviation of the UAE is UAE, which stands for the United Arab Emirates.

The abbreviation is written in capital letters, without any periods or spaces between the letters.

The abbreviation is also used as an adjective to describe something related to the UAE, such as UAE culture, UAE flag, UAE currency, and so on.

The abbreviation is also used as a noun to refer to the country itself, such as “I live in the UAE”, “The UAE is a beautiful country”, and so on.

 

UAE Culture

The UAE has a rich and diverse culture, that reflects its Islamic heritage, Arab identity, and cosmopolitan society.

The UAE culture is characterized by its values of hospitality, tolerance, generosity, respect, and modesty.

The UAE culture is also influenced by its history, geography, and environment,

as well as by the cultures of the various ethnic groups and nationalities that live in the country.

Some of the aspects of the UAE culture are:

Language:

The official language of the UAE is Arabic, which is spoken by the majority of the population.

Arabic is also used for official purposes, such as government, education, media, and religion.

The UAE also has many other languages spoken by its residents, such as English, Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Malayalam, Tagalog, and others.

 

Some of the Cities in the United Arab Emirates are:

 

Dubai:

Dubai is the most populous and famous city in the UAE, and one of the most dynamic and diverse cities in the world.

Dubai is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf, and has a population of about 3.4 million people.

Dubai is a global city, that is known for its innovation, development, and tourism.

Dubai has many landmarks, such as the Burj Khalifa, the Palm Jumeirah, the Dubai Mall, and the Dubai Frame.

Abu Dhabi:

Abu Dhabi is the capital and the second-largest city in the UAE, and the seat of the federal government.

Abu Dhabi is located on an island in the Persian Gulf, and has a population of about 1.5 million people.

Abu Dhabi is a cultural and political center, that is known for its heritage, diversity, and vision.

Abu Dhabi has many attractions, such as the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, the Louvre Abu Dhabi, the Emirates Palace, and the Yas Island.

Sharjah:

Sharjah is the third-largest and the most populous emirate in the UAE, and the cultural capital of the Arab world.

Sharjah is located on the Arabian Peninsula, and has a population of about 1.4 million people.

Sharjah is a historical and artistic city, that is known for its museums, festivals, and architecture.

Sharjah has many places of interest, such as the Al Qasba, the Sharjah Art Museum, the Sharjah Aquarium, and the Sharjah Heritage Area.

Ajman:

Ajman is the smallest and the least populous emirate in the UAE, and the only one that does not have a coastline on the Persian Gulf.

Ajman is located on the Arabian Gulf, and has a population of about 540,000 people.

Ajman is a developing and modern city, that is known for its trade, industry, and education.

Ajman has many features, such as the Ajman Museum, the Ajman Corniche, the Ajman University, and the Ajman City Centre.

 

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Some of the landmarks in the United Arab Emirates are:

 

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National Anthem of United Arab Emirates

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Turkmenistan

 

Turkmenistan is a fascinating country in Central Asia, rich in history, culture, and natural beauty.

However, for adventurous travelers who are willing to explore its hidden treasures, Turkmenistan offers a unique and unforgettable experience.

 

Population of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has a population of about 6.3 million people, most of whom are ethnic Turkmen, a Turkic-speaking people who practice Islam.

The country is bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Caspian Sea. It has a mostly desert climate, with hot summers and cold winters.

The country is famous for its vast reserves of natural gas, which account for most of its economy and exports.

 

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Turkmenistan also has a diverse and ancient cultural heritage, influenced by various civilizations that have ruled or passed through its territory,

such as the Persians, the Greeks, the Mongols, the Timurids, and the Russians.

 

Capital of Turkmenistan

The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashgabat, a modern and impressive city that showcases the country’s wealth and power.

Ashgabat is known for its white marble buildings, golden domes, and lavish monuments,

such as the Independence Monument, the Neutrality Monument, and the Ruhnama Monument.

The city also boasts the world’s largest indoor ferris wheel, the world’s largest star-shaped building, and the world’s largest flagpole.

Ashgabat is a showcase of the personality cult of the country’s former president, Saparmurat Niyazov, who ruled Turkmenistan from 1991 until his death in 2006.

Niyazov was a self-proclaimed Turkmenbashi, or leader of the Turkmen,

who imposed his policies on the country, such as renaming the months and days of the week, banning opera and ballet,

and requiring all citizens to read his book, the Ruhnama, a spiritual guide that mixes Turkmen history and mythology.

 

Flag of Turkmenistan

The flag of Turkmenistan reflects the country’s identity and values.

It features a white crescent and five stars, representing the Islamic faith and the five regions of the country.

It also has a vertical red stripe with five carpet patterns, symbolizing the country’s famous carpet industry and the five major tribes of the Turkmen people.

The carpet patterns are also found on the country’s coat of arms and currency.

The flag was adopted in 1992, after Turkmenistan gained its independence from the Soviet Union, and modified in 2001, when an olive branch was added to the red stripe.

 

Continent of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia, a region that lies between Europe and Asia, and is sometimes considered as part of both continents.

 

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Central Asia consists of five former Soviet republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

These countries share a common history, culture, and geography, but also have their own distinct features and challenges.

Central Asia is home to diverse landscapes, such as mountains, deserts, steppes, and lakes, as well as diverse ethnic groups, languages, and religions.

Central Asia is also a strategic region, as it borders Russia, China, Iran, and Afghanistan, and has significant natural resources, such as oil and gas.

 

Economy of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan’s economy is largely dependent on its natural gas sector, which accounts for about 85% of its exports and 40% of its GDP.

Turkmenistan has the fourth-largest proven natural gas reserves in the world, and is a major supplier to China, Russia, and Iran.

Turkmenistan also produces oil, cotton, wheat, and other agricultural products,

Turkmenistan has a state-controlled economy, with most of the enterprises owned or subsidized by the government.

The country has a low level of foreign investment, trade, and tourism, and a high level of poverty, unemployment, and inflation.

 

Currency of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan’s currency is the manat, which was introduced in 2009.

The official exchange rate of 15 November 2023 fixed at 3.51 manat to the U.S. dollar.

 

Country Code of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has various country codes assigned to it.

The ISO 3166-1 numeric country code for Turkmenistan is 795.

The ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 or two-letter country code for Turkmenistan is TM, while the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 or three-letter country code is TKM.

The dialing code or calling code for Turkmenistan is +993.

When making a phone call to Turkmenistan, you would need to dial this code before entering the local phone number.

In terms of internet domains, Turkmenistan utilizes the top-level domain (TLD) .tm for country-specific websites.

Websites associated with Turkmenistan would typically end with .tm.

 

Pronounced of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is pronounced as /tɜːkˌmen.ɪˈstɑːn/ in British English and /tɝːkˈmen.ɪ.stæn/ in American English.

The stress is on the second syllable, and the vowel in the last syllable is different depending on the accent.

The word Turkmenistan is derived from the Persian word “munāt” and the Russian word “монета” (“moneta”) meaning “coin”.

It was used as the name of the Soviet currency in Turkmen and in Azerbaijani Turkish.

 

Abbreviation of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan’s country abbreviation is TM, which is the same as its ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code.

This code is used to identify Turkmenistan in various contexts, such as international organizations, sports events, and postal services.

For example, Turkmenistan is a member of the United Nations (UN),

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Turkmenistan’s national football team uses the FIFA code TKM, while its Olympic committee uses the IOC code TKM.

Turkmenistan’s license plate code is TM, while its aircraft registration code is EZ.

 

Culture of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has a rich and diverse culture, influenced by its Turkic, Persian, Islamic, and Soviet heritage.

Turkmenistan’s culture is characterized by its strong traditions, hospitality, and pride.

Turkmen people are known for their colorful and elaborate carpets, which are considered as national symbols and art forms.

Turkmen people are also known for their music, poetry, literature, and folklore, which reflect their history, identity, and values.

Turkmenistan’s culture is also influenced by its nomadic and rural lifestyle, as well as its desert environment.

Turkmen people have a close relationship with their animals, especially horses and camels, which are used for transportation, sport, and entertainment.

 

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Turkmen people celebrate various festivals and holidays, such as Nowruz, the Persian New Year, Gurban Bairam, the Feast of Sacrifice, and Independence Day.

Turkmenistan’s culture is also shaped by its political and social situation,

Turkmenistan’s culture is therefore a mix of tradition and modernity, continuity and change, and diversity and unity.

 

Places of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has many attractions and places to visit, both natural and man-made.

Some of the most popular and interesting places to visit in Turkmenistan are:

 

Darvaza Gas Crater:

Also known as the Door to Hell, this is a huge burning pit in the middle of the Karakum Desert, created by a Soviet gas exploration accident in 1971.

The crater has been burning continuously since then, creating a spectacular and eerie sight, especially at night.

The crater is about 70 meters in diameter and 20 meters deep, and attracts many tourists and adventurers who camp nearby and watch the flames.

 

Parthian Fortresses of Nisa:

These are the ruins of an ancient city that was the capital of the Parthian Empire,

a powerful Iranian civilization that ruled from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century.

The city was located near the modern-day Ashgabat, and was a center of trade, culture, and religion.

The ruins include temples, palaces, walls, and tombs, decorated with sculptures, reliefs, and inscriptions.

The site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a testimony to the Parthian art and architecture.

 

Turkmen Carpet Museum:

This is a museum dedicated to the country’s famous carpet industry, located in Ashgabat.

The museum displays a collection of over 1,000 carpets, some dating back to the 17th century.

The carpets are of various sizes, shapes, colors, and patterns, representing the different regions and tribes of Turkmenistan.

The museum also showcases the tools, techniques, and history of carpet making, as well as the legends and stories associated with the carpets.

The museum is housed in a building shaped like a giant carpet, and has a Guinness World Record for the largest carpet in the world, measuring.

 

Landmarks of Turkmenistan

some of the landmarks in Turkmenistan.

 

Monument of Neutrality:

This is a 95-meter tall tower that symbolizes Turkmenistan’s official policy of neutrality.

The tower was built in 1998 and features a golden statue of the country’s first president, Saparmurat Niyazov, on top.

The statue rotates to face the sun throughout the day.

The tower also has a viewing platform, a museum, and a restaurant.

The tower was originally located in the center of Ashgabat, but was moved to the outskirts of the city in 2010.

 

Kow Ata Underground Lake:

This is a natural thermal lake located in a cave near the town of Baharden.

The lake is about 60 meters long, 30 meters wide, and 16 meters deep.

The water temperature is about 33-38 degrees Celsius and contains various minerals and salts.

The lake is popular among locals and tourists for its healing and relaxing properties.

Visitors can swim in the lake, admire the stalactites and stalagmites, and enjoy the fresh air.

 

Gypjak Mosque:

This is the largest mosque in Turkmenistan and one of the largest in Central Asia.

The mosque was built in 2004 and can accommodate up to 10,000 worshippers.

The mosque is also the mausoleum of the country’s first president, Saparmurat Niyazov, who is buried in a marble tomb inside.

The mosque is decorated with white marble, gold, and turquoise, and has four minarets and a large dome.

The mosque is located in the village of Gypjak, near Ashgabat.

 

Ashgabat Independence Monument:

This is a monumental complex that commemorates Turkmenistan’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

The complex consists of a 118-meter tall column topped with a golden crescent and five stars, representing the country’s flag.

The column is surrounded by statues of Turkmen heroes, a museum, a park, and a fountain.

The complex is located in the center of Ashgabat and is a popular spot for celebrations and ceremonies.

 

Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque:

This is a mosque and a spiritual center located in the town of Kipchak, near Ashgabat.

The mosque was built in 2004 and can accommodate up to 20,000 worshippers.

The mosque is also the mausoleum of the country’s first president, Saparmurat Niyazov, and his family, who are buried in a separate building.

The mosque is designed in a traditional Turkmen style, with white marble, blue tiles, and gold domes.

The mosque is named after Niyazov’s self-given title, Turkmenbashi, meaning the leader of the Turkmen.

 

Cities of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has many cities that vary in size, location, and history.

Some of the most important and interesting cities in Turkmenistan are:

 

Ashgabat:

This is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan, with a population of about 823,000 people.

Ashgabat is located in the south of the country, near the border with Iran. Ashgabat is a modern and impressive city that showcases the country’s wealth and power.

Ashgabat is known for its white marble buildings, golden domes, and lavish monuments,

Such as the Independence Monument, the Neutrality Monument, and the Ruhnama Monument.

The city also boasts the world’s largest indoor ferris wheel, the world’s largest star-shaped building, and the world’s largest flagpole.

Ashgabat is a showcase of the personality cult of the country’s former president, Saparmurat Niyazov, who ruled Turkmenistan from 1991 until his death in 2006.

Niyazov was a self-proclaimed Turkmenbashi, or leader of the Turkmen,

Who imposed his policies on the country, such as renaming the months and days of the week.

Banning opera and ballet, and requiring all citizens to read his book, the Ruhnama, a spiritual guide that mixes Turkmen history and mythology.

 

Türkmenabat:

This is the second-largest city of Turkmenistan, with a population of about 280,000 people.

Türkmenabat is located in the east of the country, on the banks of the Amu Darya river.

Türkmenabat is an ancient and historic city that was once part of the Silk Road, a network of trade routes that connected Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Türkmenabat is also a cultural and educational center, with several museums, theaters, and universities.

Türkmenabat is known for its cotton industry, as well as its production of carpets, silk, and ceramics.

Türkmenabat is also a gateway to the Koytendag Nature Reserve, a protected area that hosts a variety of wildlife, such as leopards, gazelles, and vultures.

 

Türkmenbaşy:

This is the third-largest city of Turkmenistan, with a population of about 74,000 people.

Türkmenbaşy is located in the west of the country, on the coast of the Caspian Sea.

Türkmenbaşy is a major port and industrial city, with a large oil refinery, a shipyard, and a fishery.

Türkmenbaşy is also a popular tourist destination, with several resorts, beaches, and islands.

Türkmenbaşy is named after the country’s first president, Saparmurat Niyazov, who changed the city’s original name of Krasnovodsk in 1993.

Türkmenbaşy means “the leader of the Turkmen” in Turkmen.

 

Mary:

This is the fourth-largest city of Turkmenistan, with a population of about 126,000 people.

Mary is located in the southeast of the country, near the border with Afghanistan.

Mary is an old and historic city that was founded in the 19th century by the Russians, who built a fortress and a railway station there.

 

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Mary is also a cultural and religious center, with several mosques, churches, and museums.

Mary is known for its production of natural gas, cotton, and wool.

Mary is also a base for exploring the ancient ruins of Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was once one of the largest and most influential cities in the world.

Merv was a center of civilization and culture for over 2,500 years, and witnessed the rise and fall of various empires,

Such as the Persians, the Greeks, the Arabs, the Mongols, and the Timurids.

 

Balkanabat:

This is the fifth-largest city of Turkmenistan, with a population of about 90,000 people.

Balkanabat is located in the southwest of the country, in the Balkan province.

Balkanabat is a modern and industrial city, with a large oil and gas sector, as well as a chemical and metallurgical industry.

Balkanabat is also a cultural and sports center, with several theaters, cinemas, and stadiums.

Balkanabat is situated near the Caspian Sea, and has a mild and pleasant climate.

Balkanabat is also close to the Yangykala Canyon, a spectacular natural attraction that features colorful rock formations and cliffs.

 

Beaches of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has a coastline of about 1,768 kilometers along the Caspian Sea, which is the largest inland body of water in the world.

The Caspian Sea is not a true sea, but a large lake that has a mix of fresh and salt water.

The Caspian Sea is home to various species of fish, birds, and mammals, such as sturgeon, caviar, flamingos, and seals.

The Caspian Sea also has a rich history and culture, as it was a part of the ancient Silk Road and a battleground for various empires and kingdoms.

Turkmenistan has several beaches along its Caspian Sea coast, which are popular among locals and tourists for their recreation and relaxation.

Some of the best beaches in Turkmenistan are:

 

Awaza Beach:

This is the most famous and developed beach in Turkmenistan, located in the resort town of Awaza, near the city of Türkmenbaşy.

Awaza Beach is a long and sandy beach that offers various facilities and activities,

such as hotels, restaurants, bars, clubs, spas, pools, water sports, and entertainment.

Awaza Beach is also known for its yacht club, which hosts international sailing competitions and events.

Awaza Beach is a favorite destination for domestic and foreign tourists, especially from neighboring countries, such as Iran, Kazakhstan, and Russia.

 

Cheleken Beach:

This is a natural and secluded beach in Turkmenistan, located in the Cheleken Peninsula, near the city of Hazar.

Cheleken Beach is a rocky and pebbly beach that has a wild and rugged beauty.

Cheleken Beach is ideal for those who seek a quiet and peaceful escape from the crowds and noise.

Cheleken Beach is also a good place for fishing, birdwatching, and camping.

Cheleken Beach is not very accessible, as it requires a long and bumpy drive or a boat ride to reach.

 

Avaza Beach:

This is a new and modern beach in Turkmenistan, located in the Avaza National Tourist Zone, near the city of Türkmenbaşy.

Avaza Beach is a artificial and landscaped beach that has a high-end and luxurious appeal.

Avaza Beach is part of a large and ambitious project that aims to transform the Caspian Sea coast into a world-class tourist destination,

with hotels, resorts, casinos, golf courses, and amusement parks.

 

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Avaza Beach is designed to attract wealthy and elite visitors, especially from the Middle East, Europe, and Asia.

 

Climate of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia that has a cold desert climate, which means that it is very dry and hot in summer, and cold and dry in winter.

The country has a continental and arid climate, which means that it is influenced by different air masses that can cause sudden changes in temperature and weather.

Turkmenistan has very low rainfall, which mostly occurs in winter and spring.

The country is mostly covered by the Karakum Desert, which is one of the hottest and driest places on Earth.

The Caspian Sea coast and the mountainous regions in the south and east have a slightly milder and more humid climate,

but they are still very hot in summer and cold in winter.

Turkmenistan has four seasons:

winter, spring, summer, and autumn.

Some more details about the climate of Turkmenistan in each season:

 

Winter:

Winter lasts from December to February, and is cold and dry throughout the country.

The average temperature in January is below freezing in the north, and around 6/7 °C (43/45 °F) in the south.

However, cold spells can occur anywhere in the country, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was -32 °C (-26 °F).

Snowfalls are rare and light, except in the mountains, where they can be heavier and last longer.

Winter is also the wettest season, with most of the annual rainfall occurring from December to March.

The average rainfall in winter is about 50 mm (2 inches) in the north, and about 25 mm (1 inch) in the south.

The Caspian Sea coast is the mildest and most humid area in winter,

with temperatures ranging from 5 to 10 °C (41 to 50 °F), and rainfall of about 40 mm (1.6 inches) per month.

 

Spring:

Spring lasts from March to April, and is the best time to visit Turkmenistan, as the weather is moderate and pleasant.

The average temperature in April is around 18 °C (64 °F) in the north, and around 22 °C (72 °F) in the south.

However, the weather can still be unstable, and there can be sudden changes in temperature and wind.

Spring is also the season of light showers, which are more frequent and abundant in the mountains and the Caspian Sea coast.

The average rainfall in spring is about 30 mm (1.2 inches) in the north, and about 15 mm (0.6 inches) in the south.

The Caspian Sea coast is the most humid and rainy area in spring,

with temperatures ranging from 10 to 20 °C (50 to 68 °F), and rainfall of about 30 mm (1.2 inches) per month.

 

Summer:

Summer lasts from May to September, and is very hot and dry throughout the country.

The average temperature in July is around 28/29 °C (82/84 °F) in the north and on the shores of the Caspian Sea,

while it exceeds 30 °C (86 °F) in the center and south.

The highest temperature ever recorded was 51.7 °C (125 °F) in July 1983.

The temperature can reach as high as 50 °C (122 °F) in the Karakum Desert, which is one of the hottest places on Earth.

Summer is also the driest season, with almost no rainfall.

The average rainfall in summer is less than 10 mm (0.4 inches) in the north, and less than 5 mm (0.2 inches) in the south.

The Caspian Sea coast is the coolest and most humid area in summer, with temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 °C (77 to 95 °F), and humidity of about 70%.

However, the coast is also affected by strong winds and dust storms, which can reduce the visibility and the comfort.

 

Autumn:

Autumn lasts from October to November, and is mostly dry and mild.

The average temperature in October is around 20 °C (68 °F) in the north, and around 24 °C (75 °F) in the south.

However, the weather can become colder and windier in November, especially in the north, where the temperature can drop to 10 °C (50 °F) or lower.

Autumn is also the season of occasional thunderstorms, which can be more intense and frequent in the mountains and the Caspian Sea coast.

The average rainfall in autumn is about 20 mm (0.8 inches) in the north, and about 10 mm (0.4 inches) in the south.

The Caspian Sea coast is the most humid and rainy area in autumn,

with temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 °C (59 to 77 °F), and rainfall of about 25 mm (1 inch) per month.

 

Borders of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia that has borders with four other countries:

Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, and Iran.

The total length of its borders is 2,321 miles, of which the longest is with Uzbekistan (1,007.24 miles) and the shortest is with Kazakhstan (233.7 miles).

Turkmenistan also has a coastline of 1,768 kilometers along the Caspian Sea, which is the largest inland body of water in the world.

Some more details about each of Turkmenistan’s borders:

 

The border with Uzbekistan runs along most of the northern and eastern edges of Turkmenistan.

It follows the state lines that were determined during the Soviet era, when both countries were part of the Soviet Union.

The border is marked by barbed wire fencing that is meant to prevent illegal crossings of people, drugs, and goods.

The border is disrupted by the Sarygamysh Lake, which is partly shared by both countries.

Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have three border crossings:

the Farap - Arat Highway, the Dashoguz - Shavat Highway, and the Kunya-Urgench - Khodjeily Highway.

 

The border with Afghanistan runs along the southeastern edge of Turkmenistan.

It separates Turkmenistan from four Afghan provinces: Faryab, Herat, Jowzjan, and Badghis.

The first part of the border is marked by the Amu Darya River, which is also known as the Oxus River.

The rest of the border is marked by a series of hills and mountains.

The border is relatively peaceful and stable, as both countries have maintained friendly relations and cooperation.

Turkmenistan and Afghanistan have four border crossings:

the Imamnazar - Aqina Railway, the Serhetabat - Torghundi Railway, the Ymamnazar - Aqina Highway, and the Serhetabat - Torghundi Highway.

 

The border with Kazakhstan runs along the northwestern edge of Turkmenistan.

It follows the Uzboy River, which is a dried-up riverbed that used to flow into the Caspian Sea.

The border is marked by a series of concrete pillars and metal fences.

The border is relatively new, as it was established in 2001, after Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed on the demarcation of their territories.

Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan have two border crossings: the Garabogaz - Bekdash Highway and the Bolashak - Serakhs Highway.

 

The border with Iran runs along the southwestern edge of Turkmenistan.

It follows the Kopet Dag Mountains, which are part of the Alborz Mountain Range.

The border is marked by a series of stone markers and barbed wire fences.

The border is also the oldest, as it dates back to the 19th century, when Turkmenistan was part of the Russian Empire and Iran was part of the Qajar Dynasty.

Turkmenistan and Iran have three border crossings:

the Gaudan - Bajgiran Highway, the Lotfabad - Sarakhs Railway, and the Artyk - Lotfabad Highway.

 

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Written by: Elmazen

Category: Flags of Countries of the World

Published: October 20, 2023

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East Timor

 

East Timor: A Young Nation with a Rich History and Culture

 

East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia that occupies the eastern half of the island of Timor,

as well as the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and the exclave of Oecusse.

It is bordered by Indonesia to the west and Australia to the south, across the Timor Sea.

 

Population of East Timor

East Timor has a population of about 1.3 million people, most of whom are Roman Catholic and speak Tetum and Portuguese as official languages.

 

History of East Timor

East Timor has a long and turbulent history, marked by centuries of colonial rule, resistance, and struggle for independence.

The first inhabitants of the island were Australoid and Melanesian peoples, who arrived thousands of years ago.

The Portuguese began to trade with Timor in the 16th century and colonized it in the 17th century, naming it Portuguese Timor.

The Dutch also claimed the western half of the island, which became part of the Dutch East Indies.

During World War II, the Japanese occupied East Timor and fought against the Allied forces, which included Australian and Timorese guerrillas.

After the war, Portugal resumed its colonial administration, but faced growing nationalist movements that demanded self-determination.

 

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In 1974, Portugal announced its intention to decolonize East Timor, but the process was interrupted by a civil war between rival political factions.

On November 28, 1975, the Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor (Fretilin) declared the country’s independence, but was invaded by Indonesia nine days later.

Indonesia annexed East Timor as its 27th province, calling it Timor Timur.

The Indonesian occupation of East Timor was brutal and oppressive, resulting in an estimated 102,800 deaths, mostly from violence, hunger, and disease.

The East Timorese people resisted the occupation through armed and diplomatic means, with the support of international solidarity movements.

In 1996, two East Timorese activists, Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to end the conflict.

In 1998, after the fall of the Indonesian dictator Suharto, a new government agreed to hold a referendum on the status of East Timor.

On August 30, 1999, an overwhelming majority of East Timorese voted for independence,

But faced a violent backlash from pro-Indonesian militias, backed by the Indonesian military.

The militias killed about 1,400 people and displaced 300,000 more, while destroying much of the country’s infrastructure.

The United Nations intervened to stop the violence and restore order, sending a peacekeeping force and an administration to oversee the transition to independence.

On May 20, 2002, East Timor became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century,

With Xanana Gusmão as its first president and Mari Alkatiri as its first prime minister.

Since then, East Timor has faced several challenges, such as political instability, poverty, corruption,

and natural disasters, but has also made significant progress in state-building, democracy, human rights, and development.

 

Economy of East Timor

East Timor’s economy is largely dependent on its natural resources, especially oil and gas,

which account for more than 95% of its export revenues and 75% of its government revenues.

The country has a sovereign wealth fund, called the Petroleum Fund, which holds about $17.8 billion as of 2020,

And is used to finance public spending and save for the future.

Aside from oil and gas, East Timor also produces coffee, which is one of its main agricultural exports.

The country’s GDP per capita was $1,970 in 2019, making it one of the poorest countries in Asia.

However, the country has a potential for economic diversification and growth, especially in sectors such as agriculture, tourism, and light industries.

 

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Currency of East Timor.

The Currency of East Timor is Centavo coins alongside US dollar banknotes and coins.

Centavo Introduced in 2000 to replace the Indonesian rupiah.

One centavo is equal to one US cent.

Coins issued for general circulation are in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 centavos and the coins feature images of local flora and fauna.

 

Country Code of East Timor

The Country Code of East Timor is +670

 

Culture of East Timor

East Timor’s culture is a blend of indigenous, Portuguese, Indonesian, and other influences, reflecting its diverse and complex history.

 

Flag of East Timor

The country’s flag is one of its most important symbols, representing its identity and aspirations.

The flag consists of a red field with a black isosceles triangle on the hoist side, overlapping a yellow triangle, and bearing a white five-pointed star in the center.

The black represents the colonial oppression, the yellow represents the struggle for independence,

the red represents the blood of the martyrs, and the white star represents the hope for peace and prosperity.

East Timor is a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, an observer of the Pacific Islands Forum,

and an applicant for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

 

Pronounced of Timor-Leste

The country’s official name is the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, which is pronounced as /tiˈmoɾ ˈlɛʃtɨ/ in Portuguese and /tiˈmɔːr ˈlɛʃteɪ/ in English.

 

Abbreviation of East Timor

The country’s international code is TL and its internet domain is .tl.

East Timor is a young nation with a rich history and culture, and a promising future.

The country offers a variety of attractions for visitors, such as its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and friendly people.

 

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Best Places of East Timor

Some of the best places to visit in East Timor are:

 

Capital of East Timor

Dili:

The capital and largest city of East Timor, Dili is a vibrant and cosmopolitan place,

with a mix of colonial and modern architecture, lively markets, museums, monuments, and beaches.

Some of the highlights include the Cristo Rei statue, the Resistance Museum, the Presidential Palace, and the Timor Plaza shopping mall.

 

Atauro Island:

A small island off the coast of Dili, Atauro Island is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers.

The island has stunning coral reefs, rich marine life, and pristine beaches, making it ideal for snorkeling, diving, fishing, and swimming.

The island also has a unique culture and history, with traditional villages, handicrafts, and festivals.

 

Baucau:

The second-largest city in East Timor, Baucau is a charming and historic town, with a colonial and Indonesian influence.

The town has a scenic location on a plateau, overlooking the sea and the mountains.

Some of the attractions include the old town, the cathedral, the market, the hot springs, and the nearby caves.

 

Jaco Island:

A small and uninhabited island at the eastern tip of East Timor, Jaco Island is a sacred and secluded place, surrounded by turquoise waters and white sands.

The island is part of the Nino Konis Santana National Park, which protects the biodiversity and cultural heritage of the region.

The island can only be reached by boat, and visitors need to obtain permission from the local elders.

 

Maubisse:

A picturesque town in the central highlands of East Timor, Maubisse is a popular destination for hiking, biking, and exploring the rural scenery and culture.

The town has a cool and pleasant climate, and offers stunning views of the mountains and valleys.

Some of the attractions include the old fort, the market, the coffee plantations, and the nearby Mount Ramelau, the highest peak in the country.

East Timor is a country that deserves more attention and appreciation from the world,

as it has overcome many hardships and challenges, and has preserved its unique and diverse identity and heritage.

It is a country that welcomes visitors with open arms and warm hearts, and invites them to discover its beauty and charm.

East Timor is a country that is worth visiting and exploring, as it has much to offer and to share.

 

Landmarks of East Timor

Some of the landmarks in East Timor that you might be interested in are:

 

Cristo Rei:

This is a 27-meter-tall statue of Jesus Christ that stands on a hill overlooking the capital city of Dili.

It is the second largest statue of Jesus Christ in the world, and a symbol of the country’s identity and faith.

You can climb up to the top of the statue for a panoramic view of the city and the sea,

or visit the small museum at the base that showcases the history and culture of East Timor.

 

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Jaco Island:

This is a small and uninhabited island at the eastern tip of East Timor, surrounded by turquoise waters and white sands.

It is part of the Nino Konis Santana National Park, which protects the biodiversity and cultural heritage of the region.

The island is considered sacred by the local people, and you need to obtain permission from the elders to visit it.

You can enjoy snorkeling, diving, fishing, or swimming in the clear waters, or relax on the pristine beach.

 

Mount Ramelau:

This is the highest peak in East Timor, reaching 2,963 meters above sea level.

It is a popular destination for hiking, biking, and exploring the rural scenery and culture.

The mountain has a cool and pleasant climate, and offers stunning views of the mountains and valleys.

You can also visit the statue of the Virgin Mary at the summit, which is a pilgrimage site for many Timorese Catholics.

 

Tais Market:

This is a colorful and lively market in Dili, where you can find a variety of products, such as textiles, handicrafts, fruits, vegetables, spices, and more.

Tais is a traditional woven cloth that is unique to East Timor, and each region has its own patterns and colors.

You can buy tais as souvenirs, or learn how to make them from the local women.

The market is also a great place to interact with the locals and learn about their culture and lifestyle.

 

Cities of East Timor

Some of the cities in East Timor that you might want to know more about are:

 

Dili:

This is the capital and largest city of East Timor, with a population of about 222,323 people.

It is located on the northern coast of the country, facing the Wetar Strait.

Dili is a vibrant and cosmopolitan city, with a mix of colonial and modern architecture, lively markets, museums, monuments, and beaches.

Some of the highlights include the Cristo Rei statue, the Resistance Museum, the Presidential Palace, and the Timor Plaza shopping mall.

Dili is also the main gateway to other parts of the country, as well as the nearby island of Atauro.

 

Baucau:

This is the second-largest city in East Timor, with a population of about 14,960 people.

It is located on the eastern part of the country, on a plateau overlooking the sea and the mountains.

Baucau has a charming and historic character, with a colonial and Indonesian influence.

The city has a scenic old town, a cathedral, a market, a hot spring, and a nearby cave.

Baucau also has an airport that once accommodated an influx of overseas jets and planes during the country’s political instability.

 

Ermera:

This is a town in the central highlands of East Timor, with a population of about 8,907 people.

It is situated in one of the most beautiful and fertile regions of the country, known for its coffee plantations and mountain views.

Ermera was once the former capital of the East Timorese community during the Portuguese colonial era, and has a rich history and culture.

The town has an old fort, a market, and a nearby peak called Mount Ramelau, which is the highest in the country.

 

Suai:

This is a town on the southern coast of East Timor, with a population of about 9,866 people.

It is the capital of the Cova Lima municipality, and a hub for trade and commerce.

Suai has a long and sandy beach, which is popular for swimming and fishing.

The town also has a memorial for the victims of the 1999 massacre, when pro-Indonesian militias killed hundreds of civilians and priests in a church.

Suai is also close to the border with Indonesia, and has a cultural and linguistic diversity.

 

Lospalos:

This is a town on the eastern tip of East Timor, with a population of about 17,186 people.

It is the capital of the Lautem municipality, and a center for education and health.

Lospalos has a unique and diverse culture, with influences from the Portuguese, the Indonesians, and the local Fataluku people.

The town has a museum, a market, and a traditional house.

Lospalos is also near the Nino Konis Santana National Park, which protects the natural and cultural heritage of the region.

 

Beaches of East Timor

East Timor has many beautiful beaches that are perfect for swimming, snorkeling, diving, fishing, or relaxing.

Some of the most popular and stunning beaches are:

 

Areia Branca:

This beach is part of the Cape Fatucama region, near the capital city of Dili.

It is a tropical paradise with white sand, palm trees, and clear water.

You can enjoy freshly cooked seafood, drink a coconut, and watch whales swim along the coastline during migration season.

 

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Atauro Island:

This is a small island off the coast of Dili, with a rich biodiversity and culture.

The island has amazing coral reefs, colorful fish, and pristine beaches, making it ideal for snorkeling, diving, fishing, and swimming.

You can also visit the traditional villages, handicrafts, and festivals of the local people, who are known for their hospitality and friendliness.

 

Jaco Island:

This is a small and uninhabited island at the eastern tip of East Timor, surrounded by turquoise waters and white sands.

It is part of the Nino Konis Santana National Park, which protects the natural and cultural heritage of the region.

The island is considered sacred by the local people, and you need to obtain permission from the elders to visit it.

You can enjoy the tranquility and beauty of this secluded place, or explore the underwater world with its diverse marine life.

 

One Dollar Beach:

This is a beach in Dili region, named after the fee that the locals charge for parking.

It is one of the best places for solitary relaxation, away from the crowds and noise of the city.

The beach has soft sand, clear water, and a peaceful atmosphere.

You can also admire the coral reefs and the fish that live in them, or rent a kayak or a paddle board to explore the coast.

 

Climate of East Timor

The climate in East Timor is tropical, hot, and humid, with two main seasons:

a wet season from December to March, and a dry season from June to September.

The average temperature is around 31 °C (88 °F) throughout the year, but it can vary depending on the altitude and the location.

The north coast is drier and hotter than the south coast, which receives more rainfall and has a cooler climate.

The interior of the country has a mountain range, where the temperature can drop below 20 °C (68 °F) at night, especially in the dry season.

The highest peak is Mount Ramelau, which is 2,963 meters (9,721 feet) high and can be very cold.

The best time to visit East Timor is from April to July, when the weather is sunny, dry, and pleasant.

This is also the whale-watching season, as many species of whales migrate through the Wetar Strait.

Time from December to March, when the weather is rainy, cloudy, and muggy.

This is also the time when floods and landslides can occur, making some roads inaccessible.

East Timor has a rich and diverse natural and cultural heritage, which can be enjoyed in different ways depending on the climate.

Some of the attractions include the beaches, the coral reefs, the islands, the villages, the museums, the monuments, and the festivals.

 

Borders of  East Timor

East Timor is a country that borders only two other countries: Indonesia and Australia.

Indonesia is its western neighbor on the island of Timor, while Australia is its southern neighbor across the Timor Sea.

Here are some more details about East Timor’s borders:

The land border between East Timor and Indonesia is 253 km (157 mi) long,

and follows the historical division of the island between the Portuguese and the Dutch colonial powers.

The border was established by the Treaty of Lisbon in 1859, and confirmed by the Treaty of Perth in 1904.

The border was disputed by Indonesia after it invaded and annexed East Timor in 1975,

but was recognized by Indonesia after East Timor gained its independence in 2002.

The border is mostly marked by natural features, such as rivers, mountains, and forests, but also has some artificial markers, such as pillars and fences.

The border is crossed by several roads and bridges, and has several official and unofficial border posts.

The border is generally peaceful.

The maritime border between East Timor and Australia is about 706 km (439 mi) long, and follows the median line between the two countries’ coastlines.

The border was established by the Timor Sea Treaty in 2002,

and modified by the Treaty on Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea in 2006,

and the Treaty Between Australia and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Establishing Their Maritime Boundaries in the Timor Sea in 2018.

The border delimits the exclusive economic zones and the continental shelves of the two countries,

and also defines the joint development area for the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Timor Sea.

The border is monitored by the two countries’ navies and coast guards, and has several offshore platforms and pipelines.

 

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National Anthem of East Timor